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拉曼光谱技术的应用


拉曼光谱由于可以无损的得到关于分子种类、浓度、应力、相与形态等信息,因而在多个领域中都有应用。拉曼光谱技术主要可以应用在以下几个领域:生命科学,材料科学,分析科学,药学,化学科学与地球科学。


图 1 拉曼光谱技术的应用领域


#生命科学



可以将拉曼光谱学用于[1]


癌症研究/病理学 Ÿ

蛋白质/缩氨酸结构分析 Ÿ

体外和体内给药的药物动力学 Ÿ

老龄化和神经退行性疾病 Ÿ

生物燃料和农业研究 Ÿ

脂类组学 代谢组学 Ÿ

发育生物学 生殖生物学 Ÿ

病毒学


#材料科学



可以将拉曼光谱学用于


碳材料的研究、开发和质量控制[2];

分析碳纳米形态的尺寸,缺陷; Ÿ 描绘半导体特性,得到半导体的化学构成,应力,浓度,晶体结构[3]; Ÿ

了解光伏材料特性,包括电子效率,应力,薄膜厚度,晶体质量[4]; Ÿ

分析催化系统,包括催化相的鉴别, 研究反应机制[5]; Ÿ

电池技术,识别电池各部分组件[6]。


#分析科学



可以将拉曼光谱学用于


艺术品文物,包括分析颜料和油漆。

确定文物真伪,确定纸张成分[7-9] Ÿ

检测毒品[10-14] Ÿ

食品农药残留[15-17] Ÿ

水果糖度[18,19] Ÿ

识别爆炸物和枪击残留物的痕迹[20-22] Ÿ

探测污染物,包括半导体,金属,大气中的污染物[23-25]


#药学



可以将拉曼光谱学用于


药品中化合物的分布[26, 27] Ÿ

粉末的组成与浓度[28,29] Ÿ

识别区分API多形体和赋型剂[30,31] Ÿ

识别污染物[32]


#化学科学



可以将拉曼光谱学用于


识别混合物中各聚合物种类[33,34] Ÿ

分析纤维的应力[35,36] Ÿ

研究新型聚合物,比如导电聚合物[37,38] Ÿ

识别描绘化学反应产物[39,40] Ÿ

研究微流体中微量物质[41]


#地球科学



可以将拉曼光谱学用于


识别矿物质和其多形体[42-45] Ÿ

薄切片中颗粒的分布[46,47] Ÿ

透明物质里的包裹体的成像

鉴别宝石真伪[48 50] Ÿ

确认宝石缝隙是否被填充过 Ÿ

研究晶体缺陷


【参考文献】



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[8] Madariaga, Juan Manuel. "Raman spectroscopy in art and archaeology." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 41.11 (2010): 1389-1393.

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[34] Garton, Andrew, David N. Batchelder, and Chunwei Cheng. "Raman microscopy of polymer blends." Applied spectroscopy 47.7 (1993): 922-927.

[35] Sakata, H., et al. "Effect of uniaxial stress on the Raman spectra of graphite fibers." Journal of applied physics 63.8 (1988): 2769-2772. [36] Galiotis, C. "A study of mechanisms of stress transfer in continuous-and discontinuous-fibre model composites by laser Raman spectroscopy." Composites Science and Technology 48.1-4 (1993): 15-28.

[37] Lefrant, S., J. P. Buisson, and H. Eckhardt. "Raman spectra of conducting polymers with aromatic rings." Synthetic Metals 37.1-3 (1990): 91-98.

[38] Furukawa, Yukio, et al. "1064-nanometer-excited Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy of conducting polymers." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular Spectroscopy 47.9-10 (1991): 1367-1373.

[39] Howard Jr, Wilmont F., and Lester Andrews. "Infrared and Raman studies of alkali metal-chlorine reaction products. Resonance Raman spectrum of the chlorine molecular anion, Cl2." Inorganic Chemistry 14.4 (1975): 767-771.

[40] Aarnoutse, Petra J., and Johan A. Westerhuis. "Quantitative Raman reaction monitoring using the solvent as internal standard." Analytical chemistry 77.5 (2005): 1228-1236.

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[42] Bensted, John. "Uses of Raman spectroscopy in cement chemistry." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 59.3‐4 (1976): 140-143. [43] Karr, Clarence, ed. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy of lunar and terrestrial minerals. Elsevier, 2013.

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[45] Čejka, Jiří, et al. "A vibrational spectroscopic study of hydrated Fe 3+ hydroxyl-sulfates; polymorphic minerals butlerite and parabutlerite." Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 79.5 (2011): 1356-1363.

[46] Velde, B., and H. Boyer. "Raman microprobe spectra of naturally shocked microcline feldspars." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 90.B5 (1985): 3675-3681.

[47] Kudryavtsev, Anatoliy B., et al. "In situ laser-Raman imagery of Precambrian microscopic fossils." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98.3 (2001): 823-826.

[48] Bersani, Danilo, and Pier Paolo Lottici. "Applications of Raman spectroscopy to gemology." Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 397.7 (2010): 2631-2646.

[49] Barone, Germana, et al. "A portable versus micro‐Raman equipment comparison for gemmological purposes: the case of sapphires and their imitations." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 45.11-12 (2014): 1309-1317.

[50] Barone, G., et al. "APPLICATION OF MICRO-RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY FOR GEMSTONES CHARACTERIZATION. THE CASE OF RUBIES." AIAR VIII Congresso Nazionale di Archeometria Scienze e Beni Culturali: stato dell? arte e prospettive. 2014.



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